Manifestation: Esophageal Varices Treatment: Hepatitis definition: Cirrhosis Cirrhosis definition:Manifestation: Hepatic Encephalopathy Description: cerebral edema and accumulation of neurotoxins in the blood. Changes in personality and mentation. GI bleeding, blood transfusions, constipation. Nursing Care: Assess manifestations of abdomen, skin, weight loss/gain, tremors, diagnose the current issues, plan for goals to be attained (SMART plan), implement fluid restrictions and promote mental status, minimize bleeding risks and promote skin integrity. Treatment: Medication to reduce ammonia and antibiotics, liver transplantManifestation: Ascites Description: accumulation of plasma-rich fluid in abdominal cavity. Hypoalbuminemia and hyperaldosteronism Nursing Care: Assess manifestations ofabdomen, skin, weight loss/gain, tremors,diagnose the current issues, plan for goals tobe attained (SMART plan), implement fluid restrictions and promote mental status, minimize bleeding risks and promote skin integrity.Treatment: Diuretics such as, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Liver transplant Desired Client Outcomes Improvement of signs and symptoms, stable labs throughout treatment, LOC/vital improvement, liver transplant should be a last resort. Patient Education Maintain a healthy weight, receive hepatitis B vaccination, avoid alcohol and illegal drugs, take medications as prescribed, avoid hepatotoxic medications. Risk Factors/Causes Alcohol abuse Fatty liver due to obesity or diabetes Hepatitis B or C infection Inherited diseases Autoimmune diseases General Manifestations Hepatomegaly Abdominal distention Jaundice Ascites Portal hypertension Encephalopathy Variceal hemorrhage Diagnostic Tests Liver biopsy: shows scarring on the liver Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)Important laboratory values: Increased ATL, normally 7 - 55 U/L Increased AST, normally 8 - 48 U/L Increased ALP, normally 40 - 129 U/LIncreased Bilirubin, normally 0.1 - 1.2 mg/dL Decreased blood proteins, normally 6.3 - 7.9 g/dL CBC: signs of anemia and infection Irreversible and possibly deadly disease that causes the replacement of liver cells with fibrous tissue and causes defective liver function. Infection caused by a virus that leads to inflammation of the liver, often leading to cirrhosis. Enlarged, thin-walled veins that form in submucosa of esophagus, may rupture and can cause a massive hemorrhage. Assess manifestations of abdomen, skin, weight loss/gain, tremors, diagnose the current issues, plan for goals to be attained (SMART plan), implement fluid restrictions and promote mental status, minimize bleeding risks and promote skin integrity. Treatment: Medication to reduceammonia and antibiotics, liver transplant
